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Medical Questions
Your Question
M I N I C A S E
SHORT-TERM FINANCING FOR BREAKFAST
Kellogg Company, the breakfast food people, manufactures
its products in 20 countries and distributes them in more
than 150 countries. Not too long ago, Kellogg was considering
three short-term borrowing alternatives:
1. 90-day commercial paper at a 6.50% discount rate
2.Commercial bank loan with three interest rate
alternatives:
a. Prime rate with interest payable quarterly
b. Three-month London Interbank Offer Rate
(LIBOR) plus 0.25%
c. Three-month certificate of deposit (CD) rate plus
0.50%
3. Fixed-rate note maturing after two years and paying
interest at the rate of 8% APR with interest payable
semiannually
At the time, the prime rate was 10% APR, three-month
LIBOR was 6% APR, and the three-month CD rate was
6% APR.
QUESTIONS
1. Consider the commercial paper alternative.
a. What is the true interest cost (APY)?
b. Kellogg has a policy of maintaining a backup line of
credit for its commercial paper. The cost is 0.25%
per year. What is the true interest cost of the commercial
paper (APY), including the cost of the
backup line?
c. Assume the 90-day commercial paper rate is
expected to increase to 6.75% after 90 days, to
7.00% 90 days thereafter, and to 7.50% 90 days
thereafter. Borrowing for one year, calculate the
APY of the commercial paper alternative, including
the cost of the backup line.
2. Consider the commercial bank loan alternatives.
a. Calculate the APY for each bank loan interest rate
alternative. Which one is the cheapest?
b. Suppose that the bank requires a 10% compensating
balance. Calculate the APY for the bank loan,
including the cost of the compensating balance.
c. Suppose the prime rate is not expected to change
over the next year, but three-month LIBOR is
expected to increase by 0.30% every three months,
and the three-month CD rate is expected to
increase by 0.20% every three months. Borrowing
for one year, calculate the APY for each bank loan
alternative.
d. Which is cheaper, issuing commercial paper or borrowing
from the bank? Are there any options that
might affect the value of one alternative or the
other?
3. Compare the APYs for the fixed-rate note and the
floating-rate alternatives. Which alternative is cheapest
on this basis? How might interest rate risk affect
Kellogg’s choice? Find the average interest cost (APR)
for year 2 for the cheapest floating-rate alternative in
question 2 that would make Kellogg indifferent to
choosing between that alternative and issuing the twoyear
note. (This is called the
break-even rate.)
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